What is Cancer?

Understand what cancer is with this beginner-friendly explanation covering its types and available treatment. Book a consultation for in-depth guidance with our Ayurvedic practitioners.

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Introduction

With new avenues of modern science and technology, life on the earth has been modernized. The modern world has gifted mankind with lots of comforts but along with this it also contributes to lots of consequences i.e., lifestyle disorders like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, auto-immune disease, cancer, etc.

Among all the consequences mentioned above Cancer is of serious concern because its incidences are increasing throughout the world day by day and also it has high mortality and morbidity rates. A recent survey revealed that in the USA, cancer is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease. Not only in the USA but cancer is also the second leading cause of death worldwide.

Cancer word is derived from the Greek word crab. The word crab has been used in the medical sciences for a long time for Canker which means eroded ulcers. Cancer is mainly a genetic disorder that arises due to various reasons like malfunction of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, and mutagenesis that occurs due to external factors. Along with this other factors like environmental factors, exposure to chemicals, lifestyle changes, ionizing radiation, etc also contribute as a causative factor of cancer.

In Modern science, approximately 70 % of cases of cancer are treated with radiotherapy alone or with chemotherapy or radiotherapy combined with surgery. In Ayurvedic classical literature, cancer can be correlated with the Arbuda. Arbuda is mainly considered as neoplasia, which can be malignant i.e., cancerous, or benign i.e. non- cancerous. Asadhya Vrana mentioned in Ayurveda is also labeled as clear malignancy.

In Ayurvedic classical texts, various types of treatment are mentioned for cancer like Shamana Chikitsa, Shodhana Chikitsa, Rasayana Chikitsa, etc. As in early detection of cancer surgical interventions give good results along with this or alone Ayurvedic treatment specially used of some specific herbs or formulations give marvelous results to cure cancer.

Ayurvedic drugs, if used in the recommended dosage act as anti-angiogenesis, trigger the apoptosis in the cancer cells, and are also helpful in destroying the cancer stem cell. So, in this article, we will find out the complete information on Cancer Ayurvedic and modern point of view.

Facts About Cancer Diseases

According to a survey, in the last hundred years, the cases of cancer have increased by 20 times.
Back in 1600 BC, in Edwin Smith Papyrus, the earliest description of cancer was described.
In the last 10 years, according to a survey approximately 200 types and sub-types of cancer have been finding out.
The Subterranean African mammal i.e. naked mole rat is immune to cancer due to hyaluronan present in them. This substance hyaluronan can be used in the future for cancer treatment in human beings.
13 % of the deaths i.e., approximately 10 million deaths occur every year worldwide due to cancer.
As cancer is mainly a genetic disorder, approximately 5- 10 % of cases are genetic.
According to the survey, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and in the USA every year.
In the 2012 survey, 14. 1 million new cases of cancer are present worldwide. Among these 14.1 million cases 53 % i.e., approximately 7.4 million cases are of men and 47 % i.e., approximately 6.7 million cases are of women.
The most common cancer that is diagnosed worldwide is lung cancer which is 13 % of the total cancer cases diagnosed. Lung cancer is followed by breast cancer and after that,- rectum cancer.
One out of 10 women get breast cancer. The prevalence of Left breast cancer is 5- 10 % than right breast cancer.
Research revealed that approximately 40 % of cancer could be preventable by modifying risk factors like physical activity, poor diet, smoking, etc.
Approximately 70% of deaths in the world due to cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries.e mustard oil, these are dietary for gout patients. The flesh of fishes is called turtle, shungi, etc.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a very broad term that is used to define the disease which has cellular changes that cause uncontrollable division of cells and their growth. But there is also some kind of cancer in which there is a slow division of cells. Some growth of cancer is visible like in the case of the tumor while some growths of cancer are invisible like in leukemia.

As per Ayurvedic classical texts, the root cause of cancer is the imbalance of the tridosha i.e. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Arbuda is related to cancer. According to the father of Surgery Acharya Sushruta, Arbuda is a mass or lump that is globular in shape, can occur in any part of the body, gives occasional pain, is fixed with a deeper structure, and gradually increases in size.

Cancer’s Disease – As Per Ayurveda Classical Literature

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Top Common Cancers throughout the World

The list of the commonest type of cancer is made by the National Cancer Institute and this list was made based on the cancers that are diagnosed with the greatest frequency in the US. To qualify for the list of common cancers, the estimated annual incidence of that particular cancer should be more than 40, 000 or more.

Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Colon and rectal cancer
Bladder cancer
Endometrial cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Pancreatic cancer
Thyroid cancer
Melanoma
Leukaemia
Liver cancer
Lung cancer

The National Cancer Institute estimated the numbers of new cases and deaths for common types of cancer type in 2023.

(Reference: Source credited to National Cancer Institute, Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2023; 73(1):17-48. Last accessed February 21, 2023.)

Type of Cancer	Estimated New Cases	Estimated Death
Breast cancer	297790	43170
Lung cancer	238340	127070
Prostate cancer	288300	34700
Colon and rectal cancer	153020	52550
Bladder cancer	82290	16710
Kidney (renal) cancer	81800	14890
Endometrial cancer	66200	13030
Pancreatic cancer	64050	50550
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	80550	20180
Thyroid cancer	43720	2120
Melanoma	97610	7990
Leukemia	59610	23710
Liver cancer	41210	29380

Types of Cancer Diseases

Main Types of Cancer:-

First, we should know about cancer tumors. Cancer tumors are mainly divided into three groups:-

Benign Tumor: Benign tumors grow very slowly; they are mainly non-cancerous and rarely threaten life. In benign tumor cell growth that occurs is similar to the growth of the healthy cell of the body and they do not spread to the other part of the body.
Malignant Tumor: Malignant tumors can spread to the other parts of the body by breaking off from the primary tumor and they are faster-growing tumors than benign tumors. When these tumors spread to the other part of the body they grow and divide in that part and this second site of the growth is known as metastases and this type of cancer is known as metastatic cancer.
Pre-cancerous Tumor: In this tumor a pre-cancerous cell is likely or may develop into cancer.

Types of Cancer- According to the Cells in Which they Start to Develop

The type of cancer that we can classify according to the cells in which they start to develop can be divided mainly into 5 types:-

Brain and spinal cord cancer
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma and myeloma

Treatment Approaches for Cancer

Tumor agnostic drugsubstance.
Clinical trials
Palliative care
Use of biosimilar drugs
Off-level drug use
Personalized medicine

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1. What is Cancer and How is it Defined?

Answer – Cancer is a broad group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division and abnormal growth. It can form solid tumors or spread through blood in conditions like leukemia. In Ayurveda, cancer is correlated with Arbuda, a condition involving abnormal growth or lump formation caused by imbalance of the Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha).

Question 2. What are the Main Causes and Risk Factors of Cancer?

Answer – Cancer is primarily a genetic disorder caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Other risk factors include environmental exposure, lifestyle habits (poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise), ionizing radiation, and chemical exposure.

Question 3. What are the Most Common Types of Cancer Worldwide?

Answer – The most common cancers globally include lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, and melanoma. Lung cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide.

Question 4. What are the Types of Cancer Tumors?

Answer – Cancer tumors are mainly categorized into three types:-
1. Benign tumors: Non-cancerous, slow-growing, and rarely life-threatening.
2. Malignant tumors: Cancerous, fast-growing, and capable of spreading (metastasis).
3. Pre-cancerous tumors: Early abnormal cell changes that may develop into cancer.

Question 5. What are the Treatment Approaches for Cancer in Modern and Ayurvedic Systems?

Answer – Modern cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, clinical trials, palliative care, biosimilar drugs, and personalized medicine. In Ayurveda, treatment approaches include Shamana Chikitsa, Shodhana Chikitsa, and Rasayana Chikitsa, often using herbal formulations that may support apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, and immune modulation.

Suggestive Readings of Cancer

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