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Introduction

As per Acharya Charaka, the same vitiated dosha can cause different types of diseases (Vyadhi) based on Adhisthana and Smauthana and according to that, we can name the unnamed diseases or Anukta Vyadhi.  Cancer can be correlated with various types of diseases like Arbuda, Granthi, Sopha, etc in different locations. Here we mention the Cancer correlation with Ayurveda.

Pathogenesis of Cancer – As Per Ayurveda 

Pathogenesis (Samprapti) of Cancer (Arbuda)

Madhava Nidana. 38/ 18- 19

गात्रप्रदेशे क्वचिदेव दोषा: संमूर्च्छिता मांसमसृक्‌ प्रदूष्य |

वृत्तं स्थिर मन्दरुजं महान्तमनल्पमूलं चिरवृद्धयपाकम्‌ ||

कुर्वन्ति मांसोच्छूयमत्यगाध॑ तदर्बुद॑ शास्त्रविदो वदन्ति |

Excessively aggravated Dosas invades the Mansa & Rakta produces muscular swelling, which is round, immobile, slightly painful, big, deep rooted, grows slowly & slowly, does not suppurate is known as Arbuda.

Classification of Cancer – As Per Ayurveda

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana 11/ 14-15

वातेन पित्तेन कफेन चापि रक्तेन मांसेन मेदसा ||

तज्जायते तस्य लक्षणानिग्रन्थे: समानानि सदा भवन्ति ||

Arbuda are classified are as follows:

  • Vataja Arbuda
  • Pittaja Arbuda
  • Kaphaja Arbuda
  • Tridoshaja Arbuda

These are types of Arbuda – according to the dhatu:-

  • Raktaja Arbuda
  • Mamsaja Arbuda
  • Medaja Arbuda

Each of them will have symptoms similar to those corresponding types of Granthis.

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Nature of Cancer – As Per Ayurveda

पाकमायान्ति कफ अधिक तवं मेड़ो अधिक त्वाच विशेषस्तु |

दोष स्थिर तवाद ग्रथनाच तेषां सर्व अर्बुद अन्येव निसर्गतस्तु |

Generally, all Arbuda by nature, do not suppurate due to more influence of Kapha & Medas in their pathogenesis, by their stability & their basic nature.

Symptoms of Different Types of Cancer – As Per Ayurveda

Vataja Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Vataja Arbuda’s symptoms correspond to Vataja Granthi. So here we mention the symptoms of Vataja Granthi to understand the Vataja Arbuda.

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana. 11/ 4

आयम्यते व्यथ्यत एति तोदं प्रत्यस्यते कृत्यत एति भेदम्‌ |

कृष्णो अमृदुर्बस्तिरिवाततश्व भिन्न: स्रवेच्चाबिलजोस्त्रमच्छम्‌ ||

Vataja Arbuda is characterized by swelling associated with different types of pain i.e, expanding, hitting, pricking, cutting etc. which is blackish, hard, resembles like bladder & exudes clear blood after pricking.

Pittaja Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Pittaja Arbuda’s symptoms correspond to Pittaja Granthi. So here we mention the symptoms of Pittaja Granthi to understand the Pittaja Arbuda.

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana. 11/ 5

धूप्यति चोषषांश् पापच्यते प्रज्वलतीव चापि।

दन्दहाते धूप्यति चोषषांश्च   पापच्यते प्रज्वलतीव चापि |

रक्त: सपीतो अप्य अथवा अपि  पित्ताद्धि्नं स्त्रवेद उष्णमतीव अस्त्रं |

It is characterized by swelling associated with severe burning sensation, warmness, and sucking & as though being burnt by fire, which is red, & slightly yellowish & exudes warm blood in excess quantity after pricking.

Kaphaja Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Kaphaja Arbuda’s symptoms correspond to Kaphaja Granthi. So here we mention the symptoms of Kaphaja Granthi to understand the Kaphaja Arbuda.

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana. 11/ 6

शीतो अविवर्णो अल्प रुजो अतिकण्डुपाषाणवत्संहननोपपत्न: |

चिराभिवृद्धिश्च  कफप्रकोपाद्भिन्न: स्रवेच्छुक्लघन॑ पूयम्‌ ||

It is characterized by swelling/nodules which are coldish, but not discolored, mild pain with severe itching, grows big like a stone, develops gradually & exudes white thick pus after pricking.

Medaja Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Medaja Arbuda’s symptoms correspond to Medaja Granthi. So here we mention the symptoms of Medaja Granthi to understand the Medaja Arbuda.

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana. 11/ 7

शरीरवृद्धिक्षयवृद्धिहानि: स्निग्धो महानल्परुजो अतिकण्डु: |

मेद: कृतो गच्छति चात्र भिन्ने पिण्याकसर्पि:प्रतिमं तु मेद: |

It is characterized by swelling/nodules that undergo increase or decrease by increase or decrease of the body, are unctuous, very big, have mild pain with severe itching, and exude fatty liquid that resembles lesame paste or ghee after pricking.

Siraja Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Siraja Arbuda’s symptoms correspond to Siraja Granthi. So here we mention the symptoms of Siraja Granthi to understand the Siraja Arbuda.

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana. 11/ 8

व्यायामजातैरबलस्य तैस्तैराक्षिप्य वायुर्हि  सिराप्रतानम्‌ |

सम्पीड्य संकोच्य  विशोष्य चापि ग्रन्थि करोत्युन्ननमाशु वृत्तम ||

ग्रंथि: सिराज: तु कृच्छसाध्योभवेद्वदि स्यात्सरुजश्चलश्च ||

If a weak person performs strenuous physical exercise leading to aggravation of Vata. Exacerbated Vata invades the network of blood vessels & gives rise to Siraja Granthi by squeezing, constricting & drying the network of blood vessels, which is elevated, quickly evolving & round in shape. Painful & movable nodules are incurable; that which is immobile, big in size, & appears on vital organs & painless should be refused for treatment.

Raktaja Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana 11/ 16- 17

दोष: प्रदुष्टो रुधिरं  सिरास्तु सम्पीडय संकोच्य  गतस्तु पाकम्‌ |

सास्त्रावमुन्नह्हति मांसपिण्डं मांसा अंकुराचितमाशु वृद्धिम्‌ ||

स्रवत्यजस्र॑ रुधिरं प्रदु्टमसाध्यमेतद्रुधिरात्मक॑ स्यात्‌ |

रक्तक्षयोपद्रवपीडितत्वात्‌ पाण्डुर्भवेदर्बुदपीडितस्तु ||

Excessively aggravated Dosas invade the blood & get localized in the Raktavaha Sira, producing squeezing & contraction in them, and giving rise to slight suppuration or no suppuration, making a ball of muscle, which exudes, bulges up, covered with sprouts of muscle, increasing in size quickly, exuding vitiated blood continuously is known as Rakta Arbuda. Rakta Arbuda is incurable. Patients develop Pandu Roga quickly due to loss of blood.

Mansa Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana 11/ 18- 19

मुष्टप्रहारादिशिरर्दिते अंगे  मांसं प्रदुष्टं  प्रकरोति शोफम्‌ |

अवेदनं स्निग्धमनन्यवर्णमपाकममोपममप्रचाल्यम्‌ ||

प्रदुष्ट मांस   नरस्य  बाढमेतद्धवेन्मांसपरायणस्य |

मांसार्बुद त्वेतदसाध्यमुक्त॑ ||

Physical assault to the body by the hit of the fist leads to vitiation of Mamsa and gives rise to Mansa Arbuda, which is painless, unctuous, of the same color as skin, non-suppurative, hard like stone & immovable. It is more common, especially in persons who have vitiated Mansa and consume meat regularly. It is incurable.

Adhya Arbuda / Dwira  Arbuda Lakshana (symptoms):

Sushruta Samhita Nidana Sthana 11/ 19- 20

साध्वेष्वपीमानि विवर्जयेत्तु ||

सं प्रस्तृतं  मर्मीण यच्च जात॑ स्त्रोत: सु  वा यच्च भवेदचाल्यम्‌ |

यज्जायते अन्यत  खलु पूर्वजाते ज्ञेय॑ तदध्यर्बुदमर्बुदसै:||

Even the curable ones if they develop the following signs & symptoms then patients should be rejected. Arbuda exudes greatly and is situated in vital organs, or channels, which are immovable. One which develops over an existing Arbuda is known as Adhyarbuda. This nomenclature was given by Arbuda specialists. While the second is developing concurrently with Arbuda the first one is known as Dwira Arbuda. Both these varieties are incurable.

Recurrence of Cancer – As Per Ayurveda (अर्बुदपुनरुत्पत्ति)

Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 18/ 42

सशेषदोषाणि हि यो अर्बुदानि करोति तस्याशु पुनर्भवन्ति

तस्मादशेषाणि समुद्धरेत्तु हन्यु: सशेषाणि यथा हि वह्लि: ||

Those Arbuda (malignant tumors) in which remnants of dosa (remnants of tumor tissue) develop again quickly, hence they (malignant tumors) should be excised / removed without leaving any residue. Any residue left will kill the patient just like fire (a spark of fire developing into a big fire and destroying the house).

Conclusion

Ayurveda correlates cancer with Arbuda, emphasizing dosha imbalance, tissue involvement, and slow-growing masses. Early understanding and complete removal are key to preventing recurrence and complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is Cancer Called in Ayurveda?

Ans. Cancer is often correlated with Arbuda in Ayurveda, describing abnormal, deep-rooted, slow-growing swellings caused by vitiated doshas.

Q2. What Causes Arbuda (Cancer) According to Ayurveda?

Ans. It is caused by imbalance of Vata, Pitta, Kapha affecting tissues like Mamsa (muscle), Rakta (blood), and Meda (fat), leading to tumor formation.

Q3. Can Ayurveda Explain Cancer Recurrence?

Ans. Yes, Ayurveda states that incomplete removal of Arbuda (residual dosha/tissue) leads to rapid recurrence, highlighting the importance of complete elimination.

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